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This paper aimed to study the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg_1 on endotoxin(LPS)-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and its mechanism of action. Mouse lung epithelial cells(MLE-12) were first treated with LPS. The autophagy changes and apoptosis and the relationship with concentration and time of LPS were observed. Then,the level of autophagy in MLE-12 was regulated at a specific concentration and action time of LPS,and the changes of apoptosis were observed. Secondly,ginsenoside Rg_1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA were added respectively at the same concentration and action time of LPS. The lung epithelial cells were grouped to observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg_1 on LPS-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and its mechanism. In the animal experiment,the mice were grouped and tested by apoptosis protein,lung injury score and HE staining section to verify whether ginsenoside Rg_1 has a protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury. The results showed that apoptosis and autophagy increased as the rise of concentration after treatment with LPS for 12 h. The apoptosis increased gradually,and the autophagy increased first and then decreased over time at the LPS concentration of 25 g·L-1. The apoptosis of LPS group was higher than that of control group,and LPS+3-MA group increased further,while apoptosis decreased significantly in LPS+RAM(rapamycin,autophagy promoter) group. The autophagy increased in LPS group,decreased in LPS+3-MA group and increased in LPS+RAM group. The apoptosis of LPS group was higher than that of control group,and the apoptosis of LPS+Rg_1 group decreased. The apoptosis of LPS+Rg_1+3-MA group increased again. The autophagy of LPS group further increased after administration of ginsenoside Rg_1,but decreased after administration of 3-MA. In the in vivo experiments in mice,the apoptosis of LPS group increased significantly compared with the control group,while LPS + ginsenoside Rg_1 group decreased. Lung injury score and HE staining also conformed to the above trend. LPS can induce the apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The autophagy of lung epithelial cells increases with the rise of LPS concentration. At the specific concentration of LPS,autophagy increases first and then decreases after 12-16 hours. Proper increase of autophagy in lung epithelial cells within a certain period of time can reduce the apoptosis induced by LPS,while inhibition of autophagy can increase apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rg_1 has a protective effect on lung cancer epithelial cell apoptosis induced by autophagy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Cells, Cultured , Epithelial Cells , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides , Lung , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Objective To establish the quality standard of Fufang-Shiwu-Zhixue powder. Methods The microscopical identification was adopted to analyze charred typha pollen and cuttlebone. TLC was used to identity rhubarb and radix notoginseng. UV-HPLC was used to determine the contents of notoginsenosides R1, ginsenosides Rg 1, ginsenosides Rb1. Results Microscopic identifications shower the characteristics of harred typha pollen and cuttlebone. The identified characteristics of rhubarb and radix notoginseng by TLC were distinct and the spots were clear. Notoginsenosides R1, ginsenosides Rg 1, ginsenosides Rb1 showed good linearity in the range of 0.16-1.58 μg (r=0.9998), 0.58-5.81 μg (r=0.9999), 0.33-3.29 μg (r=1.0000), respervtively.The average recoveries were 98.51% (RSD=1.81%), 97.80% (RSD=2.04%), 98.22%(RSD=1.45%). Conclusions The method is accurate, simple and repeatable, which could be used for the quality control of Fufang-Shiwu-Zhixue powder.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of the compatibilities of ginsenosides Rg1 and aconitine on myocar-dial cell of in vitro cultured heart failure model. METHODS:The myocardial cells of neonate rat were grouped into normal control group,model group,positive control group(Deslanoside injection,1×10-7 mol/L),ginsenosides Rg1 group(1×10-8 mol/L),acon-itine group (1 × 10-9 mol/L) or their compatibilities groups (1∶1,2∶1,1∶2,V/V). Except for normal control group,other groups were given 0.8%pentobarbital sodium to induce heart failure model of myocardial cells. After modeling,each group was given rele-vant medicine for 1 h,and then the activities of T-ATPase,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase,Na+-K+-ATPase in cells were all detected. The activi-ties of acyl carrier protein(ACP)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the contents of brain natriuretic party(BNP),TNF-α and total glycogen were measured in cell culture fluid. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group, T-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities were decreased significantly in model group;meanwhile,Na+-K+-ATPase activity was increased signifi-cantly,and ACP,LDH activities and BNP content in cell culture fluid were increased significantly(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compatibility of ginsenosides Rg1 and aconitine can improve ATPase activities and membranous permeability,regulate BNP secretion and protect myocardial cell of heart failure model,especially the compatibility of ginsenosides Rg1 to aconitine of 2∶1 ratio.
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Aim To the investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in Alzheimer's disease ( AD)-like neurotoxicity model induced by okadaic acid ( OKA) in the cellular level , and explore the mecha-nism preliminarily. Methods The PC12 cells model, simulate neurons, induced by OKA was given Rg1 (1, 5,10 μmol·L-1), and melatonin (Melat) 10 μmol· L-1 was given as a positive control. MTT and LDH were carried out to assess the cell viability and mortality. To detect the accumulation of ROS, the DCFH-DA fluores-cent probe was conducted. And to assess the change of the activity of a variety of antioxidant enzymes, various kits were used, including ABTS、CAT、SOD、GSH-Px and GSSG/GSH. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate of PC12 cell in OKA group re-duces significantly, the mortality rate was increased sig-nificantly , the number of early apoptotic cells was in-creased significantly (P<0. 01). Oxidative stress-relat-ed indicators show that ROS accumulation within the cells of OKA group increases significantly ( P<0. 01 ) , and the total antioxidant capacity ( ABTS ) decreases significantly ( P < 0. 01 ) , the activity of peroxidase (Catalase, CAT) (P <0. 01), glutathione peroxidase (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) and superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD) decreased signifi-cantly ( P <0. 05 ) , the rate of GSSG/GSH increased significantly ( P <0. 01 ) . Compared with the model group, the different doses of Rg1 could improve the sur-vival rate and decrease the mortality rate of PC12 cell significantly in the group of OKA, and could decrease the level of the accumulation of ROS, improve the activ-ity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can decrease PC12 cell apoptosis by exerting an-tioxidant effects, and protect the nerve cells in AD-like pathology model induced by OKA.
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Objective To investigate the role of Ginsenosides Rg1 for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by β-oxidation.Methods 120 SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON),model group(HFD),Ginsenosides Rg1low,medium and high dose group (GLD ,GMD and GHD) ,sodium deoxycholate of bear treatment group (PDT ) ,20 rats in each group .After 4 and 8 weeks treatment ,the rats were sacrificed ,Pathology of hepatic tissue was tested by HE staining ,and liver function ,lipid levels ,hepatic ac-yl-CoA synthetase (CoASH1) ,carnitine acyl transferase I(CATI) and acetyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) mRNA and protein expression were tested .Results After 4 weeks of treatment ,the liver function tested by HE staining only improved in GHD group . After 8 weeks ,there′s a little fat particles aggregation in PDT and GLD groups ,but no infiltration of fat in GMD and GHD groups . After 4 weeks ,AST ,ALT and AKP ,CHOL ,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in PDT ,GLD ,GMD and GHD groups compared with HFD group (P<0 .05) ,which were significant declined 8 weeks later .After 4 weeks ,HDL-C level in four groups was significantly increased ,then reached the normal level 8 weeks later .After 4 weeks ,CoASH1 ,CATI and ACOX1 expressions in hepatic tissue of four groups were significantly increased ,which improved more obviously after eight weeks .Conclusion Ginsen-oside Rg1 can improves nonalcoholic fatty liver phenotype by regulation of β-oxidation .
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Objective To screen and optimize the preparation process of Radix Ginseng Capsules.This paper compares the reflux extraction and effects of infiltration percolation extraction to the renshenshouwu capsules.Methods Based on the Orthogonal test,the content of ginsenosides Rg1 and Stilbene glycoside were measured by HPLC.The transferring rates of ginsenosides Rg1 and Stilbene glycoside (1:1 )were regarded as the index to evaluate extracting conditions ,such as the ethanol concentration (%),consumption of alcohol (times),extraction time and extraction times (times). Results The optimum extract conditions of ginsenosides Rg1 and Stilbene glycoside are:with 8 times volume of 50%concentration ethanol as the extract liquid,to refluxing extract 1 times,1.5 h every time.Conclusion The preparation method is simple,practical,high stability and provides the basis for industrial production.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of 5 compounds (astragaloside IV, danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1) in Qishenyiqi Dropping Pills. METHODS: The chromatographic separation was carried out at 30°C on a Wonda Sil C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) eluted in a gradient program. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 10 mmol · L-1 ammonium formate and 0.2% formic acid-acrtonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid. The mass spectra were obtained by Agilent 6410 triple quad mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source in negative ion mode. RESULTS: The linear ranges for astragaloside IV, danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 were 10.72-536.0, 89.10-4 455, 1.337-66.87, 22.60-1 130 and 23.55-1 177 ng · mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries ranged between 98%-102%. CONCLUSION: The established method is convenient, sensitive and accurate. It can be used for the determination of the contents of astragaloside IV, danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 in Qishenyiqi Dropping Pills for quality control.